TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: History and Basic Cryptographic Concepts....1
1.1 Terminology................ 1
1.2 Classical Ciphers.................... 131.3 Classification of Attacks.................... 25
Chapter 2: Protocols, Discrete Log, and Diffie-Hellman....33
2.1 Cryptographic Protocols...............33
2.2 The Discrete Log Problem.....................39 2.3 Exponentiation Ciphers and Diffie-Hellman.........47Chapter 3: Public-Key Cryptography....53
3.1 One-Way Functions...............53
3.2 Public-Key Cryptosystems and RSA.....................60 3.3 ElGamal Cryptosystems.........67 3.4 Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Cryptosystems........73 3.5 Secret History of Public-Key Cryptography..............77Chapter 4: Probabilistic Primality Tests.................79
4.1 Introduction....................79
4.2 Pseudoprimes and Carmichael Numbers................81 4.3 Solovay-Strassen Test...............87Chapter 5: Factoring................93
5.1 Universal Exponent Method............93 5.2 Pollard's p-1 Method.............96 5.3 Lenstra's Elliptic Curve Method (optional).............99 5.4 Multipolynomial Quadratic Sieve...................104 5.5 The Number Field Sieve (optional)..................108Chapter 6: Security of RSA.........................111
6.1 Implementation Attacks.....................111 6.2 Exponent Attacks............115 6.3 Strong Moduli..............120 6.4 Generation of Random Primes.................124Chapter 7: Authentication......................127
7.1 Identification, Impersonation, and Signatures........127 7.2 Digital Signature Schemes..................135 7.3 Digital Cash and Electronic Commerce...........143Chapter 8: Key Management.............153
8.1 Secret Sharing..................153 8.2 Key Establishment.....................160 8.3 Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI)............713Chapter 9: Applications and the Future.................179
9.1 Secrecy and Authentication...........179 9.2 Other Threats to System Security.................185 9.3 Wireless Security.......................190 9.4 Smart Cards and Biometrics...............198Appendix A: Letter Frequency Analysis......................203
Appendix B: Elementary Complexity Theory....................205
Appendix C: Fundamental Facts.......................212
Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises..........224
Bibliography.............249
List of Symbols.................267
Index.....................268
Last updated: September 2, 2002
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